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Sleep-disturbing factors included the noise of other patients, medical devices, pain, and toilet visits. [155] Sleep deprivation is even more severe in ICU patients, where the naturally occurring nocturnal peak of melatonin secretion was found to be absent, possibly causing the disruption in the normal sleep-wake cycle. [156]
Other efforts that may be tried include sleep hygiene, cognitive behavioral therapy, and antidepressants. [1] Between 8% and 50% of people experience sleep paralysis at some point during their lives. [2] [4] About 5% of people have regular episodes. Males and females are affected equally. [2] Sleep paralysis has been described throughout history.
Arousal, as measured by electroencephalograph (EEG), decreases as sleep loss increases, [6] leading to a decrease in the desire to perform and exert effort. Short-term sleep loss is associated with blunting in the recognition of negative and positive facial expressions. [12]
1. Fatigue. Research indicates that daytime sleepiness is the most obvious and common sign of sleep debt.If you feel groggy even after you’ve been awake for a while or if you find yourself ...
Sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, obstruction of the airway during sleep, causing lack of sufficient deep sleep, often accompanied by snoring. Other forms of sleep apnea are less common. [89] Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a medical disorder that is caused by repetitive collapse of the upper airway (back of the throat) during sleep.
Other aspects of sleep health have been associated with obesity, including daytime napping, sleep timing, the variability of sleep timing, and low sleep efficiency. However, sleep duration is the most-studied for its impact on obesity. [118] Sleep problems have been frequently viewed as a symptom of mental illness rather than a causative factor.
The word hypnagogia is sometimes used in a restricted sense to refer to the onset of sleep, and contrasted with hypnopompia, Frederic Myers's term for waking up. [2] However, hypnagogia is also regularly employed in a more general sense that covers both falling asleep and waking up.
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