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Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan or compound 606, is an antibiotic drug that was introduced at the beginning of the 1910s as the first effective treatment for the deadly infectious diseases syphilis, relapsing fever, and African trypanosomiasis. [2] [3] This organoarsenic compound was the first modern antimicrobial agent. [4]
At the Congress for Internal Medicine at Wiesbaden in April 1910, Ehrlich and Hata shared their successful clinical results, which showed that arsphenamine treated syphilis in humans. [7] The drug was marketed under the name Salvarsan and gained international acclaim as the "arsenic that saves" and as the first man-made antibiotic. [7]
Their discoveries were the result of the first organized team effort to optimize the biological activity of a lead compound through systematic chemical modifications. [1] This scheme is the basis for most modern pharmaceutical research. Both Salvarsan and Neosalvarsan are prodrugs – that is, they are metabolised into the active drug in the body.
The history of syphilis has been well studied, but the exact origin of the disease remains unknown. [3] It appears to have originated in both Africa and America. [4] [5] As such, there are two primary hypotheses: one proposes that syphilis was carried to Europe from the Americas by the crew(s) of Christopher Columbus as a byproduct of the Columbian exchange, while the other proposes that ...
1942 – benzylpenicillin, the first penicillin; 1942 – gramicidin S, the first peptide antibiotic; 1942 – sulfadimidine; 1943 – sulfamerazine; 1944 – streptomycin, the first aminoglycoside [2] 1947 – sulfadiazine; 1948 – chlortetracycline, the first tetracycline; 1949 – chloramphenicol, the first amphenicol [2] 1949 – neomycin
Half of the antibiotics typically used today were found between 1950 and 1960, which was considered the golden age of antibiotic discovery. The last class of antibiotics used as treatment was ...
Antibiotics, the standard treatment for C. diff. infections, disturb the gut microbiome due to their non-selective nature. Despite initial success, antibiotics fail to prevent recurrence in 20-30% of primary cases. Further, the risk of subsequent recurrence rises to 40% after the first and 45-65% after two or more.
This was the first agent with a specific therapeutic effect to be created on the basis of theoretical considerations. Salvarsan proved to be amazingly effective, particularly when compared with the conventional therapy of mercury salts. Manufactured by Hoechst AG, Salvarsan became the most widely prescribed drug in the world.