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Under this view, failure to limit the concept of discrimination would lead to it being overinclusive; for example, since most murders occur because of some perceived difference between the perpetrator and the victim, many murders would constitute discrimination if the social salience requirement is not included.
One overt past example of structural discrimination was Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States, which were explicitly aimed at limiting the rights of black Americans in education, employment, and other areas of society. [4]
The stated justification for affirmative action by its proponents is to help compensate for past discrimination, persecution or exploitation by the ruling class of a culture, [27] and to address existing discrimination. [28] More recently concepts have moved beyond discrimination to include diversity, equity and inclusion as motives for ...
Major figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks [14] were involved in the fight against the race-based discrimination of the Civil Rights Movement. . Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her bus seat in 1955 sparked the Montgomery bus boycott—a large movement in Montgomery, Alabama, that was an integral period at the beginning of the Civil Rights Moveme
One recent example of employment discrimination is the inequality in higher positions. For instance, while 62% of accountants and auditors in the US are women, only 9% of Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) in the US are women. According to the research, not only are women underrepresented in their profession, but they are also underpaid, 16% less ...
An example is a parent of a homosexual; another is a white woman who is seen socializing with a black man (assuming social milieus in which homosexuals and dark-skinned people are stigmatized). A 2012 study [ 8 ] showed empirical support for the existence of the own, the wise, and normals as separate groups; but the wise appeared in two forms ...
Anti-racism work aims to combat microaggressions and help to break systemic racism by focusing on actions against discrimination and oppression. [34] Standing up against discrimination can be an overwhelming task for people of color who have been previously targeted.
"Reverse racism" is a concept often used to describe acts of discrimination or hostility against members of a dominant racial or ethnic group while favoring members of minority groups. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] This concept has been used especially in the United States in debates over color-conscious policies (such as affirmative action ) intended to ...