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In words, the stream function is the volumetric flux through the test surface per unit thickness, where thickness is measured perpendicular to the plane of flow. The point A {\displaystyle A} is a reference point that defines where the stream function is identically zero.
The Flajolet–Martin algorithm is an algorithm for approximating the number of distinct elements in a stream with a single pass and space-consumption logarithmic in the maximal number of possible distinct elements in the stream (the count-distinct problem).
A special case is the majority problem, which is to determine whether or not any value constitutes a majority of the stream. More formally, fix some positive constant c > 1, let the length of the stream be m, and let f i denote the frequency of value i in the stream. The frequent elements problem is to output the set { i | f i > m/c }. [13]
This algorithm can easily be adapted to compute the variance of a finite population: simply divide by n instead of n − 1 on the last line.. Because SumSq and (Sum×Sum)/n can be very similar numbers, cancellation can lead to the precision of the result to be much less than the inherent precision of the floating-point arithmetic used to perform the computation.
[1]: § 3.2 ; it is defined as the sum of the free-stream static pressure and the free-stream dynamic pressure. [2] The Bernoulli equation applicable to incompressible flow shows that the stagnation pressure is equal to the dynamic pressure and static pressure combined.
This is the modular sum of the values taken by the simple checksum as each block of the data word is added to it. The modulus used is the same. So, for each block of the data word, taken in sequence, the block's value is added to the first sum and the new value of the first sum is then added to the second sum.
For example, if a stream of cash flows consists of +$100 at the end of period one, -$50 at the end of period two, and +$35 at the end of period three, and the interest rate per compounding period is 5% (0.05) then the present value of these three Cash Flows are: = $ = $
A running total or rolling total is the summation of a sequence of numbers which is updated each time a new number is added to the sequence, by adding the value of the new number to the previous running total.