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  2. Càdlàg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Càdlàg

    All functions continuous on a subset of the real numbers are càdlàg functions on that subset. As a consequence of their definition, all cumulative distribution functions are càdlàg functions. For instance the cumulative at point r {\displaystyle r} correspond to the probability of being lower or equal than r {\displaystyle r} , namely P [ X ...

  3. Current (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, more particularly in functional analysis, differential topology, and geometric measure theory, a k-current in the sense of Georges de Rham is a functional on the space of compactly supported differential k-forms, on a smooth manifold M.

  4. Rough path - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_path

    Rough path theory is focused on capturing and making precise the interactions between highly oscillatory and non-linear systems. It builds upon the harmonic analysis of L.C. Young, the geometric algebra of K.T. Chen, the Lipschitz function theory of H. Whitney and core ideas of stochastic analysis.

  5. Surface growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_growth

    They are studied for their fractal properties, scaling behavior, critical exponents, universality classes, and relations to chaos theory, dynamical system, non-equilibrium / disordered / complex systems. Popular tools include statistical mechanics, renormalization group, rough path theory, etc.

  6. Tate's thesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate's_thesis

    In number theory, Tate's thesis is the 1950 PhD thesis of John Tate () completed under the supervision of Emil Artin at Princeton University.In it, Tate used a translation invariant integration on the locally compact group of ideles to lift the zeta function twisted by a Hecke character, i.e. a Hecke L-function, of a number field to a zeta integral and study its properties.

  7. AOL Mail

    mail.aol.com

    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  8. Liouville's theorem (differential algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville's_theorem...

    Thus, on an intuitive level, the theorem states that the only elementary antiderivatives are the "simple" functions plus a finite number of logarithms of "simple" functions. A proof of Liouville's theorem can be found in section 12.4 of Geddes, et al. [ 4 ] See Lützen's scientific bibliography for a sketch of Liouville's original proof [ 5 ...

  9. Club World Cup 2025: Teams, schedule, stadiums, groups and ...

    www.aol.com/sports/club-world-cup-2025-teams...

    The 2025 FIFA Club World Cup is a 32-team tournament featuring top professional clubs from around the world, set to begin June 15, 2025, in the U.S. (Photo courtesy of FIFA)