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Some of the samples of "yellow rain" collected from Cambodia in 1983 tested positive for CS, which the United States had used during the Vietnam War. CS is a form of tear gas and is not acutely toxic, but may account for some of the milder symptoms reported by the Hmong villagers. [19]: 39
Lima Site 85 (LS-85 alphanumeric code of the phonetic 1st letter used to conceal this covert operation [3]) was a clandestine military installation in the Royal Kingdom of Laos guarded by the Hmong "Secret Army", the Central Intelligence Agency, and the United States Air Force used for Vietnam War covert operations against communist targets in ostensibly neutral Laos under attack by the ...
The Hmong in Vietnam also receive cultural and political incentives from the government, [102] which led to the Vietnamese Hmong further diverging from the Laotian Hmong, since the latter are strongly anti-Vietnamese due to the Secret War and Communism.
“If history isn’t documented, then it’s forgotten,” a librarian involved in creating Fresno State’s Hmong history repository said. Hmong culture in 1960s war-torn Laos documented by ...
The CIA-organized group of Hmong tribesmen fighting in the Vietnam War is known as the "Secret Army", and their participation was called the Secret War, where the Secret War is meant to denote the Laotian Civil War (1960–1975) and the Laotian front of the Vietnam War.
The first American helicopter of the Vietnam War landed in Ban Phou Pheung Noi in 1961. When the hill tribes of the village saw the pilot and the co-pilot sitting with dark glasses in the helicopter, they believed they were Martians (Nyav-noj-neeg in Hmong). They also believed that the flying machine was a metal dragonfly.
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During the Secret War, Long Tieng became the largest Hmong settlement in the world. [ 8 ] : 131 In the words of one author, Long Tieng "became a desultory metropolis, an unpaved, sewerless city of 30,000 where Hmong ran noodle stands, cobbled shoes, tailored clothes, repaired radios, ran military-jeep taxi services, and interpreted for American ...