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Early B cell development: from stem cell to immature B cell Transitional B cell development: from immature B cell to MZ B cell or mature (FO) B cell. B cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that originate from bone marrow. [6] [7] HSCs first differentiate into multipotent progenitor (MPP) cells, then common lymphoid progenitor (CLP ...
Primary B cell development takes place in the bone marrow, where immature B cells must generate a functional B cell receptor (BCR) and overcome negative selection induced by reactivity with autoantigens. [1] Transitional cells can be found in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen, and only a fraction of the immature B cells that survive ...
LP1 - a growth factor active in the development of immature B cells and capable of stimulating proliferation of B cell precursors. [5] BCGFLOW TNF-alpha. TRF - induced primarily IgM secretion from B cells, thus constituting a differentiation factor. [7] Various sources disagree as to whether TRF can induce proliferation. [14] [15] CSF MAF ...
A B-cell receptor includes both CD79 and the immunoglobulin. The plasma membrane of a B cell is indicated by the green phospholipids. The B- cell receptor extends both outside the cell (above the plasma membrane) and inside the cell (below the membrane). The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell.
CD19 is widely expressed during all phases of B cell development until terminal differentiation into plasma cells. During B cell lymphopoiesis, CD19 surface expression starts during immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement, which coincides during B lineage commitment from hematopoietic stem cell. [8]
Regulatory B cells (Bregs or B reg cells) represent a small population of B cells that participates in immunomodulation and in the suppression of immune responses. The population of Bregs can be further separated into different human or murine subsets such as B10 cells, marginal zone B cells, Br1 cells, GrB + B cells, CD9 + B cells, and even some plasmablasts or plasma cells.
Differentiation of memory B cells into plasma cells is far faster than differentiation by naïve B cells, which allows memory B cells to produce a more efficient secondary immune response. [4] The efficiency and accumulation of the memory B cell response is the foundation for vaccines and booster shots.
With flow cytometry, it can be used to detect B cells during many stages of their development. [2] It is one of relatively few markers usefully expressed on plasma cells, and when combined with detection of markers such as CD22, can be used to determine the relative proportion of plasma cells.