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The CP system generates large power losses if the machine works with large variations in load pressure and the average system pressure is much lower than the pressure setting for the pump regulator. CP is simple in design, and works like a pneumatic system. New hydraulic functions can easily be added and the system is quick in response.
The systems evolved, replacing the mechanical linkages to the valves with electrical controls, producing the "fly-by-wire" design, [3] and more recently, optical networking systems called "fly-by-light". All these systems require three separate components, the hydraulic supply system, the valves and associated control network, and the actuators.
Hydraulic motors usually have a drain connection for the internal leakage, which means that when the power unit is turned off the hydraulic motor in the drive system will move slowly if an external load is acting on it. Thus, for applications such as a crane or winch with suspended load, there is always a need for a brake or a locking device.
A fluid coupling consists of three components, plus the hydraulic fluid: The housing, also known as the shell [5] (which must have an oil-tight seal around the drive shafts), contains the fluid and turbines. Two turbines (fanlike components): One connected to the input shaft; known as the pump or impeller, [5] or primary wheel input turbine. [5]
A hydraulic pump is a mechanical source of power that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy (hydrostatic energy i.e. flow, pressure). Hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic drive systems and can be hydrostatic or hydrodynamic. They generate flow with enough power to overcome pressure induced by a load at the pump outlet.
A later design of cross-drive transmission, the Allison X1100, was used in the 1970s experimental US MBT-70 and XM1 [3] tanks, then later adopted in the M1 Abrams.This adopts a different principle for the steering cross-coupling: instead of a hydro-dynamic torque converter, it uses a hydrostatic combination of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor.
A hydraulic cylinder is the actuator or "motor" side of this system. The "generator" side of the hydraulic system is the hydraulic pump which delivers a fixed or regulated flow of oil to the hydraulic cylinder, to move the piston. There are three types of pump widely used: hydraulic hand pump, hydraulic air pump, and hydraulic electric pump.
Hydraulic transmission may refer to various transmission methods for transferring engine power to drive wheels, using hydraulic fluid: Diesel-hydraulic transmission , used in railway locomotives Hydrostatic transmission , using hydraulic motors to convert the fluid energy into rotary propulsion