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  2. Civilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization

    The English word civilization comes from the French civilisé ('civilized'), from Latin: civilis ('civil'), related to civis ('citizen') and civitas ('city'). [14] The fundamental treatise is Norbert Elias's The Civilizing Process (1939), which traces social mores from medieval courtly society to the early modern period.

  3. David Wilkinson (political scientist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wilkinson_(political...

    Wilkinson introduces the idea of "Central Civilization" [6] or "Central World-System", [7] which he argues emerged about 1500 BC with the integration of the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations, and then engulfed the Aegean civilization in 560 BC, Indic civilization in 1000, the New World after the Age of Discovery, and finally the Far ...

  4. Portal:Civilizations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Civilizations

    The ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia were the oldest civilization in the world, beginning about 4000 BCE.. A civilization (also spelled civilisation in British English) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems and graphic arts).

  5. Ancient history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history

    Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity.The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian cuneiform script.

  6. Indus Valley Civilisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation

    Indus Valley Civilisation Alternative names Harappan civilisation ancient Indus Indus civilisation Geographical range Basins of the Indus river, Pakistan and the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river, eastern Pakistan and northwestern India Period Bronze Age South Asia Dates c. 3300 – c. 1300 BCE Type site Harappa Major sites Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi Preceded by Mehrgarh ...

  7. Cradle of civilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization

    A cradle of civilization is a location and a culture where civilization was developed independent of other civilizations in other locations. A civilization is any complex society characterized by the development of the state , social stratification , urbanization , and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely ...

  8. Olmecs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmecs

    Chalcatzingo, in Valley of Morelos, central Mexico, which features Olmec-style monumental art and rock art with Olmec-style figures. Also, in 2007, archaeologists unearthed Zazacatla, an Olmec-influenced city in Morelos. Located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Mexico City, Zazacatla covered about 2.5 square kilometres (1 sq mi) between 800 ...

  9. Aztecs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztecs

    The Aztecs [a] (/ ˈ æ z t ɛ k s / AZ-teks) were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries.