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The Progressive Era (1890s–1920s [1] [2]) was a period in the United States during the early 20th century characterized by various social and political reform efforts. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Reformers during this era, known as Progressives , sought to address issues they associated with rapid industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political ...
The first formal voter literacy tests were introduced in 1890. At first, whites were generally exempted from the literacy test if they meet alternate requirements that in practice excluded blacks, such as a grandfather clause, or a finding of "good moral character", the latter's testimony of which was often asked only of white people.
The 1883 law only applied to federal jobs: not to the state and local jobs that were the main basis for political machines. Ethical degeneration was halted by reform in civil service and municipal reform in the Progressive Era, which led to structural changes in administrative departments and changes in the way the government managed public ...
The era began in the severe depression of 1893 and the extraordinarily intense election of 1896. It included the Progressive Era, World War I , and the start of the Great Depression . The Great Depression caused a realignment that produced the Fifth Party System , dominated by the Democratic New Deal Coalition until the 1970s.
The solution to purifying the vote included prohibition (designed to close down the saloons), voter registration requirements (designed to end multiple voting), and literacy tests (designed to minimize the number of ignorant voters). [38] All of the Southern states used devices to disenfranchise black voters during the Progressive Era.
Republicans during the Progressive Era were divided between a conservative faction and a progressive faction. [33] Theodore Roosevelt split from the Republican Party in 1912, and his supporters formed the short-lived Progressive Party. This party advocated a strong collectivist government and a large number of social and political reforms. [39]
McKinley's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history, called the "Fourth Party System" or "Progressive Era", which lasted from the mid-1890s to the early 1930s. On the national level, this period was generally dominated by the Republican Party.
Economic progressivism—also New Progressive Economics [44] —is a term used to distinguish it from progressivism in cultural fields. Economic progressives may draw from a variety of economic traditions, including democratic capitalism , democratic socialism , social democracy , and social liberalism .
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