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The Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a ten-item [1] diagnostic questionnaire which mental health professionals use to measure the severity of depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders.
Some depression rating scales are completed by patients. The Beck Depression Inventory, for example, is a 21-question self-report inventory that covers symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, weight loss, lack of interest in sex, and feelings of guilt, hopelessness or fear of being punished. [11]
When the test is scored, a value of 0 to 3 is assigned for each answer and then the total score is compared to a key to determine the depression's severity. The standard cut-off scores were as follows: [7] 0–9: indicates minimal depression; 10–18: indicates mild depression; 19–29: indicates moderate depression; 30–63: indicates severe ...
By contrast, the results of the massive study by Bianchi et al. (2022) [9] indicate that the PHQ-9's total score is essentially unidimensional. The test-retest reliability was found to be excellent. The correlation between PHQ-9 scores obtained from in-person and phone interviews with the same patients was 0.84. [ 1 ]
The PHQ is free and can be completed independently by the patient; it assesses a wide array of mental health concerns. [1] PHQ-9: Content validity: Excellent Covers the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder. [3] Construct validity (e.g., predictive, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity) Good
DASS, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, [1] is made up of 42 self-report items to be completed over five to ten minutes, each reflecting a negative emotional symptom. [2] Each of these is rated on a four-point Likert scale of frequency or severity of the participants' experiences over the last week to emphasize states over traits.
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