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The "Foster slug", invented by Karl M. Foster in 1931, and patented in 1947 (U.S. patent 2,414,863), is a type of shotgun slug designed to be fired through a smoothbore shotgun barrel, even though it commonly labeled as a "rifled" slug. A rifled slug is for smooth bores and a sabot slug is for rifled barrels. [9]
The short, fat, unaerodynamic Foster slug was no longer needed for its inherent stability; new slugs were smaller in diameter, usually around 10.16 to 12.7 millimeters (.40 to .50 caliber) (compared to the 18.5 millimeter (.73 inch) bore diameter of a 12 gauge), and carried in a plastic sabot.
The Model 58 was produced in several version and grades, including a magnum version which could accept 3-inch (7.6 cm) shells, and versions with rifle sights ("Rifled Slug Specials"). [3] The Model 878 was introduced in 1959 with an improved "self-adjusting" gas system, offered in 12 gauge only. [ 4 ]
The H & R Ultraslug Hunter is a rifled, single shot deer shotgun made by H & R Firearms. It is accurate with saboted slugs up to 200 yards. It comes in 12 and 20 gauges and has a factory mounted scope base. This gun costs approximately US$250. Saboted slugs cost about US$15 for 5 shells. The Ultra slug barrel is a "Heavy" barrel.
By far the most popular is the 12 gauge, [7] particularly in the United States. [8] The 20-gauge shotgun is the next most popular size, being favored by shooters uncomfortable with the weight and recoil of a 12-gauge gun, and is popular for upland game hunting. The next most popular sizes are the .410 bore and the 28 gauge.
The United States Navy included rifled slug cartridges among 21st-century loads. Slugs from these 2.75 in (7.0 cm) cartridges have a muzzle velocity between 1,590 ft (480 m) and 1,770 ft (540 m) per second. [6]
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Barrels have been chambered for 12, 16, or 20-gauge with either a 2.75-inch (70 mm) or 3-inch (76 mm) chamber. They have been offered with fixed choke (IC, M, F, Skeet and CB) or with Winchoke attachments. They have been manufactured from either steel or stainless steel and smooth-bored or rifled, with or without vent ribs.