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  2. Viral pathogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_pathogenesis

    Finally, the viruses spread to sites where shedding into the environment can occur. The respiratory, alimentary and urogenital tracts and the blood are the most frequent sites of shedding in the form of bodily fluids, aerosols, skin, excrement. The virus would then go on to be transmitted to another person, and establish the infection cycle all ...

  3. Pathogen transmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen_transmission

    An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...

  4. Viral strategies for immune response evasion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_strategies_for...

    At the same time, viruses have co-evolved evasion machinery to address the many ways that host organisms attempt to eradicate them. DNA and RNA viruses use complex methods to evade immune cell detection through disruption of the Interferon Signaling Pathway, remodeling of cellular architecture, targeted gene silencing, and recognition protein ...

  5. Virus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus

    Most types of viruses are restricted to just one or two of these mechanisms and they are referred to as "respiratory viruses" or "enteric viruses" and so forth. The rate or speed of transmission of viral infections depends on factors that include population density, the number of susceptible individuals, (i.e., those not immune), [ 119 ] the ...

  6. Serial passage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_passage

    One way to attenuate a virus to a host is by passing the virus in a different species. [5] The idea is that, as a strain of a virus becomes more adapted to a different species, that strain will become less adapted to the original host, thus decreasing in virulence with respect to the original host. [5]

  7. Human pathogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_pathogen

    A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans.. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal microbiota.

  8. Cross-species transmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-species_transmission

    Cross-species transmission is the most significant cause of disease emergence in humans and other species. [citation needed] Wildlife zoonotic diseases of microbial origin are also the most common group of human emerging diseases, and CST between wildlife and livestock has appreciable economic impacts in agriculture by reducing livestock productivity and imposing export restrictions. [2]

  9. Viral disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_disease

    All are RNA viruses. Viruses transmitted almost exclusively by arthropods: Bunyavirus, Flavivirus, and Togavirus. Some Reoviruses are transmitted from arthropod vectors. All are RNA viruses. [3] One family of enveloped viruses causes gastroenteritis (Coronaviridae). All other viruses associated with gastroenteritis are non-enveloped.