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[1] [2] [3] IV iron infusions are recommended when oral iron supplementation fails to adequately restore iron and haemoglobin levels in the blood. The intravenous method is a fast and effective way of delivering iron throughout the body, used as iron can be administered instantly rather than gradually over time.
The iron sucrose molecule is a polymer with two main molecules; sucrose (chemical formula C 12 H 22 O 11) and an iron (III) hydroxide (Na 2 Fe 5 O 8 •3(H 2 O)). These two components are in solution together, but are not bound to one another. [2] Iron sucrose is a type II complex, with two oxygen atoms bonded to each iron atom. [3]
The human body has protective mechanisms in place to prevent excess free ferric iron from circulating the body. When being transported throughout the body, iron is bound to an iron transporting protein called transferrin to prevent iron from being absorbed into different cells. [6] Any excess iron is stored as ferritin in the liver. [6]
Iron preparation is the formulation for iron supplements indicated in prophylaxis and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Examples of iron preparation include ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate. It can be administered orally, and by intravenous injection, or intramuscular injection. [1] Early Iron Supplement for Anemia
Since iron stores in the body are generally depleted, and there is a limit to what the body can process (about 2–6 mg/kg of body mass per day; i.e. for a 100 kg/220 lb man this is equal to a maximum dose of 200–600 mg/per day) without iron poisoning, this is a chronic therapy which may take 3–6 months. [50]
Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]
Serum sickness in humans is a reaction to proteins in antiserum derived from a non-human animal source, occurring 5–10 days after exposure. Symptoms often include a rash , joint pain , fever , and lymphadenopathy .
Iron accumulates in the liver and heart, but also endocrine organs. Frequent blood transfusions may be given to many patients, such as those with thalassemia , sickle cell disease , leukemia , aplastic anemia , or myelodysplastic syndrome , among others.