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People have had severe infusion-related reactions to pembrolizumab. There have also been severe immune-related adverse effects including lung inflammation (including fatal cases) and inflammation of endocrine organs that caused inflammation of the pituitary gland, of the thyroid (causing both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in different people), and pancreatitis that caused Type 1 diabetes ...
Symptoms typically consist of diarrhea, abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. Less commonly, nausea and vomiting may occur, which may suggest the present of gastroenteritis . The severity of diarrhea and colitis are graded based on the frequency of bowel movements and symptoms of colitis, respectively.
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
Merck & Co Inc (NYSE: MRK) has announced that the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-091 trial, investigating Keytruda, met one of its dual primary endpoints in NSCLC patients following surgical resection regardless ...
CRS needs to be distinguished from symptoms of the disease itself and, in the case of drugs, from other adverse effects—for example tumor lysis syndrome requires different interventions. As of 2015, differential diagnoses depended on the judgement of doctor as there were no objective tests. [5]
Liver damage is also a clinical feature of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency [11] and glycogen storage disease type II. [12] In transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis, the liver produces a mutated transthyretin protein which has severe neurodegenerative or cardiopathic effects. Liver transplantation can be curative. [13]
Liver transplantation is the standard of care in people presenting with fulminant liver failure or those with the progression of disease despite multiple lines of therapy. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] [ 35 ] Many patients, once started on long-term immunosuppressive therapy, will remain on that treatment for life.
This holds promise for combining check point inhibitor therapy with immunosuppressive drugs to achieve anti-cancer effects with less toxicity. Studies are beginning to show that intrinsic factors, such as species of the genus Bacteroides that inhabit the gut microbiome [ 31 ] prospectively modify risk of developing immune related adverse events.