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  2. Interval (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(mathematics)

    The union of two intervals is an interval if and only if they have a non-empty intersection or an open end-point of one interval is a closed end-point of the other, for example (,) [,] = (,]. If R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } is viewed as a metric space , its open balls are the open bounded intervals ( c + r , c − r ) , and its closed balls ...

  3. Nested intervals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_intervals

    4 members of a sequence of nested intervals. In mathematics, a sequence of nested intervals can be intuitively understood as an ordered collection of intervals on the real number line with natural numbers =,,, … as an index. In order for a sequence of intervals to be considered nested intervals, two conditions have to be met:

  4. Interval arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_arithmetic

    The main objective of interval arithmetic is to provide a simple way of calculating upper and lower bounds of a function's range in one or more variables. These endpoints are not necessarily the true supremum or infimum of a range since the precise calculation of those values can be difficult or impossible; the bounds only need to contain the function's range as a subset.

  5. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    For example, quotient set, quotient group, quotient category, etc. 3. In number theory and field theory, / denotes a field extension, where F is an extension field of the field E. 4. In probability theory, denotes a conditional probability. For example, (/) denotes the probability of A, given that B occurs.

  6. List of mathematical constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_constants

    For example, the constant π may be defined as the ratio of the length of a circle's circumference to its diameter. The following list includes a decimal expansion and set containing each number, ordered by year of discovery. The column headings may be clicked to sort the table alphabetically, by decimal value, or by set.

  7. Step function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step_function

    The Heaviside step function is an often-used step function.. A constant function is a trivial example of a step function. Then there is only one interval, =. The sign function sgn(x), which is −1 for negative numbers and +1 for positive numbers, and is the simplest non-constant step function.

  8. Piecewise function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piecewise_function

    its sub-functions are continuous on the corresponding intervals (subdomains), there is no discontinuity at an endpoint of any subdomain within that interval. The pictured function, for example, is piecewise-continuous throughout its subdomains, but is not continuous on the entire domain, as it contains a jump discontinuity at . The filled ...

  9. Continuous or discrete variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_or_discrete...

    In mathematics and statistics, a quantitative variable may be continuous or discrete if it is typically obtained by measuring or counting, respectively. [1] If it can take on two particular real values such that it can also take on all real values between them (including values that are arbitrarily or infinitesimally close together), the variable is continuous in that interval. [2]

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