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Rheumatoid factor (RF) is the autoantibody that was first found in rheumatoid arthritis. It is defined as an antibody against the Fc portion of IgG and different RFs can recognize different parts of the IgG-Fc. [ 1 ]
This region allows antibodies to activate the immune system, for example, through binding to Fc receptors. In IgG, IgA and IgD antibody isotypes, the Fc region is composed of two identical protein fragments, derived from the second and third constant domains of the antibody's two heavy chains; IgM and IgE Fc regions contain three heavy chain ...
A possibility for increased susceptibility is that negative feedback mechanisms – which normally maintain tolerance – are overtaken by positive feedback mechanisms for certain antigens, such as IgG Fc bound by rheumatoid factor and citrullinated fibrinogen bound by antibodies to citrullinated peptides (ACPA – Anti–citrullinated protein ...
The Fc receptor on NK cells recognize IgG that is bound to the surface of a pathogen-infected target cell and is called CD16 or FcγRIII. [33] Activation of FcγRIII by IgG causes the release of cytokines such as IFN-γ that signal to other immune cells, and cytotoxic mediators like perforin and granzyme that enter the target cell and promote ...
Rheumatoid factor: IgG: rheumatoid arthritis: Anti-smooth muscle antibody: smooth muscle: chronic autoimmune hepatitis: Anti-mitochondrial antibody: mitochondria: primary biliary cirrhosis [11] Anti-SRP: signal recognition particle: dermatomyositis [12] exosome complex: scleromyositis: Anti-AChR: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: myasthenia ...
In these mixed-protein depositions, the monoclonal or polyclonal IgM typically possesses rheumatoid factor activity and therefore binds to the Fc region of polyclonal IgG antibodies, activates the blood complement system, and complexes with complement components to form precipitates composed of IgM, IgG or IgG, and complement components ...
Mregs were first described after FcγR ligation by IgG complexes in the occurrence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e. g. lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid) acting through Toll-like receptors. [10] Coculture of macrophages with regulatory T cells (Tregs) caused differentiation of macrophages toward Mreg phenotype. [11]
Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIb (coded by FCGR2B gene) is a low affinity inhibitory receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin gamma . FCGR2B participates in the phagocytosis of immune complexes and in the regulation of antibody production by B lymphocytes .