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A charging station, also known as a charge point, chargepoint, or electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), is a power supply device that supplies electrical power for recharging plug-in electric vehicles (including battery electric vehicles, electric trucks, electric buses, neighborhood electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid vehicles).
The North American Charging System (NACS), standardized as SAE J3400, is an electric vehicle (EV) charging connector standard maintained by SAE International. [1] Developed by Tesla, Inc., it has been used by all North American market Tesla vehicles since 2021 and was opened for use by other manufacturers in November 2022.
A Nio battery swap station at a carpark in Beijing. Battery swapping or battery switching is an electric vehicle technology that allows battery electric vehicles to quickly exchange a discharged battery pack for a fully charged one, rather than to recharge the vehicle via a charging station. Battery swapping is common in electric forklift ...
[72] [73] As of 2024, approximately 50,000 hydrogen forklifts are in operation worldwide (the bulk of which are in the U.S.), as compared with 1.2 million battery electric forklifts that were purchased in 2021. [74] PEM fuel-cell-powered forklifts provide significant benefits over petroleum powered forklifts as they produce no local emissions.
From left: IEC Type 1/SAE J1772 inlet; Tesla NACS outlet; IEC Type 2 connector outlet IEC 62196 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicles is a series of international standards that define requirements and tests for plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets for conductive charging of electric vehicles and is ...
The pioneers of interrelated public charging points can be found in the Park & Charge sites, where the pilot project dates back to 1992 in Switzerland. The microcars (quadricycles) supported by this did not have large batteries, so that 3-phase power outlets (32 A at 400 volts) shortened the charging stops sufficiently to enable longer day trips.
The MOBI.E network has installed 100 charging stations and it is deploying 1300 charging stations as well as 50 fast-charge stations in 25 cities up to June 2011. [173] The MOBI.E stations work with magnetic stripe card and bills are sent to the cell phone – the government hopes to export the concept to other countries.
Basic AC charging is defined in SAE J1772 and IEC 61851-1 Annex A with an analog control pilot, and is used with a variety of single-phase AC grid voltages lower than 250 VAC. LIN-CP (Local Interconnect Network on the Control Pilot) was originally specified in IEC 61851-1 Annex D in Edition 3. Unlike PLC over Control Pilot (IEC 15118-2), LIN CP ...