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Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal drive to put forth the necessary effort and action towards work-related activities. It has been broadly defined as the "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organisation, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence". [1]
Herzberg's theory concentrates on the importance of internal job factors as motivating forces for employees. He designed it to increase job enrichment for employees. Herzberg wanted to create the opportunity for employees to take part in planning, performing, and evaluating their work. He suggested to do this by: [4] [5] [10]
Motivation factors (level of challenge, the work itself, responsibility, recognition, advancement, intrinsic interest, autonomy, and opportunities for creativity) however, could stimulate satisfaction within the employee, provided that minimum levels of the hygiene factors were reached. For an organization to take full advantage of Herzberg's ...
In general, Theory X style managers believe their employees are less intelligent, lazier, and work solely for a sustainable income. Management believes employees' work is based on their own self-interest. [6] Managers who believe employees operate in this manner are more likely to use rewards or punishments as motivation. [6]
For example, if an employee has the impression that they work longer than their co-workers while receiving the same salary, this may motivate them to ask for a raise. [133] Goal-setting theory holds that having clearly defined goals is one of the key factors of motivation. It states that effective goals are specific and challenging.
To motivate employees who work beyond basic tasks, Pink believes that supporting employees in the following areas will result in increased performance and satisfaction: Autonomy – A desire to be self directed, it increases engagement over compliance. Mastery – The urge to get better skilled.
By Morgan Norman In a world full of smartphones, texting, iPods, iPads, Facebook and Twitter it is hard to imagine how today's young adults switch off their social lives and get serious about work.
Herzberg's theory challenged the assumption that "dissatisfaction was a result of an absence of factors giving rise to satisfaction". [7] Motivational factors will not necessarily lower motivation, but can be responsible for increasing motivation. These factors could involve job recognition, potential for promotion or even the work in itself. [6]