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Lee's research has focused on the Yamabe problem, geometry of and analysis on CR manifolds, and differential geometry questions of general relativity (such as the constraint equations in the initial value problem of Einstein equations and existence of Einstein metrics on manifolds).
It is common to place additional requirements on topological manifolds. In particular, many authors define them to be paracompact [3] or second-countable. [2] In the remainder of this article a manifold will mean a topological manifold. An n-manifold will mean a topological manifold such that every point has a neighborhood homeomorphic to R n.
In mathematics, differential topology is the field dealing with the topological properties and smooth properties [a] of smooth manifolds.In this sense differential topology is distinct from the closely related field of differential geometry, which concerns the geometric properties of smooth manifolds, including notions of size, distance, and rigid shape.
A map is a local diffeomorphism if and only if it is a smooth immersion (smooth local embedding) and an open map.. The inverse function theorem implies that a smooth map : is a local diffeomorphism if and only if the derivative: is a linear isomorphism for all points .
Conversely, let be a topological group that is a Lie group in the above topological sense and choose an immersely linear Lie group ′ that is locally isomorphic to . Then, by a version of the closed subgroup theorem , G ′ {\displaystyle G'} is a real-analytic manifold and then, through the local isomorphism, G acquires a structure of ...
But normally, a compact manifold (compact with respect to its underlying topology) can synonymously be used for closed manifold if the usual definition for manifold is used. The notion of a closed manifold is unrelated to that of a closed set. A line is a closed subset of the plane, and a manifold, but not a closed manifold.
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Lee, John M. (2003). Introduction to smooth manifolds. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-95448-1. A textbook on manifold theory. See also the same author's textbooks on topological manifolds (a lower level of structure) and Riemannian geometry (a higher level of structure).