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Roman Egypt [note 1] was an imperial province of the Roman Empire from 30 BC to AD 641. The province encompassed most of modern-day Egypt except for the Sinai.It was bordered by the provinces of Crete and Cyrenaica to the west and Judaea, later Arabia Petraea, to the East.
The Arab conquest of Egypt, led by the army of Amr ibn al-As, took place between 639 and 642 AD and was overseen by the Rashidun Caliphate. [1] It ended the seven-century-long Roman period in Egypt that had begun in 30 BC and, more broadly, the Greco-Roman period that had lasted about a millennium.
The Battle of Alexandria was fought on July 1 to July 30, 30 BC between the forces of Octavian and Mark Antony during the last war of the Roman Republic.In the Battle of Actium, Antony had lost the majority of his fleet and had been forced to abandon the majority of his army in Greece, where without supplies they eventually surrendered.
No Roman army to return or attempt the recovery of Egypt. The Muslims to desist from all seizure of churches, and not to interfere in any way with the Christians. The Jews to be suffered to remain at Alexandria. Hostages to be given by the Romans, viz. 150 military and 50 civilian, for the due execution of the treaty.
The ancient Egyptian military was responsible for defending Egypt against foreign invasion, and for maintaining Egypt's domination in the ancient Near East. The military protected mining expeditions to the Sinai during the Old Kingdom and fought civil wars during the First and Second Intermediate Periods.
Three of the Roman emperors in the 1st century, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero, were direct descendants of Antony. The empire that Augustus established would last in Western Europe until the fall of Rome in the 5th century AD. The eastern part of the Roman Empire would also survive as the Byzantine Empire until the fall of Constantinople in AD 1453.
At the time of Napoleon's invasion, travelers had long known of Alexandria, Cairo, and other parts of Lower Egypt. The Great Pyramids and the Sphinx were famous. But Upper Egypt wasn't as well known.
Roman victory. Upper Egypt was brought under Roman control by force of arms; Cornelius established a protectorate over the southern frontier district; Augustus? Conquest of Arabia Petraea and Arabia Felix: Gaius Aelius Gallus: Nabataeans, Sabaeans [14] Defeat. The campaign was successful in the beginning before the Roman army reached Arabia Felix?