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Mars Pathfinder [1] was an American robotic spacecraft that landed a base station with a roving probe on Mars in 1997. It consisted of a lander, renamed the Carl Sagan Memorial Station, and a lightweight, 10.6 kg (23 lb) wheeled robotic Mars rover named Sojourner, [4] the first rover to operate outside the Earth–Moon system.
The robotic Sojourner rover reached Mars on July 4, 1997 as part of the Mars Pathfinder mission. Sojourner was operational on Mars for 92 sols (95 Earth days), and was the first wheeled vehicle to operate on an astronomical object other than the Earth or Moon.
Direct teleoperation of a Mars rover is impractical, as the round trip communication time between Earth and Mars ranges from 8 to 42 minutes and the Deep Space Network system is only available a few times during each Martian day . [1] Therefore, a rover command team plans, then sends, a sol of operational commands to the rover at one time. [1]
The Soviet probes, Mars 2 and Mars 3, were physically tethered probes; Sojourner was dependent on the Mars Pathfinder base station for communication with Earth; Opportunity, Spirit and Curiosity were on their own. As of November 2023, Curiosity is still active, while Spirit, Opportunity, and Sojourner completed their missions before losing contact.
Astronomers reflect on the 25th anniversary of the Mars rover landing, the first wheeled robot to roam a planet. It's been 25 years since the landing of the Mars Pathfinder. Planetary exploration ...
Mars Pathfinder: Pathfinder (lander) 360 Operated 83 sols. Last contact Sep 27, 1997 [6] Ares Vallis. 7] [8] Sojourner (rover) 11.5 1999 NASA: Mars Surveyor '98: Mars Polar Lander and Deep Space 2 (probes) 500 Unknown failure during descent; crashed on surface
The MAE integration module. The MAE was mounted to the left-front top corner of the Mars Pathfinder Sojourner rover.. The Materials Adherence Experiment (MAE) was a material science experiment conducted between July 4, 1997, and August 12, 1997, during NASA's Mars Pathfinder mission. [1]
NASA launched Mars Pathfinder on 4 December 1996; it landed on Mars in a region called Chryse Planitia on 4 July 1997. [42] From its landing until the final data transmission on 27 September 1997, Mars Pathfinder returned 16,500 images from the lander and 550 images from Sojourner , as well as data from more than 15 chemical analyses of rocks ...