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Mohs hardness kit, containing one specimen of each mineral on the ten-point hardness scale The Mohs scale ( / m oʊ z / MOHZ ) of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale , from 1 to 10, characterizing scratch resistance of minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.
Polyhedral representation of spinel MgAl 2 O 4. Spinel (/ s p ɪ ˈ n ɛ l, ˈ s p ɪ n əl / [7]) is the magnesium/aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals. It has the formula MgAl 2 O 4 in the cubic crystal system. Its name comes from the Latin word spinella, a diminutive form of spine, in reference to its pointed crystals. [5]
Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 12:16 (UTC). Text is available ...
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness; ... Hardness scales may also refer to: Methods of measuring the deposit formation by hard water.
A few minerals such as calcite and kyanite have a hardness that depends significantly on direction. [9]: 254–255 Hardness can also be measured on an absolute scale using a sclerometer; compared to the absolute scale, the Mohs scale is nonlinear. [8]: 52 Tenacity refers to the way a mineral behaves, when it is broken, crushed, bent or torn.
A mineral's hardness is a function of its structure. Hardness is not necessarily constant for all crystallographic directions; crystallographic weakness renders some directions softer than others. [70] An example of this hardness variability exists in kyanite, which has a Mohs hardness of 5 1 ⁄ 2 parallel to but 7 parallel to . [71]
A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels .
Carl Friedrich Christian Mohs (/ m oʊ z / MOHZ, German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈmoːs]; 29 January 1773 – 29 September 1839) was a German chemist and mineralogist. He was the creator of the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. [1] Mohs also introduced a classification of the crystal forms in crystal systems independently of Christian Samuel Weiss. [2]