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Similar to the other subtypes of cardiac amyloidosis, a biopsy is required for diagnosis. [4] However, formal diagnosis of Senile cardiac amyloidosis is a diagnosis of exclusion. [4] Biopsy with histological evaluation can rule out Light chain and Familial subtypes, leaving the diagnosis of Senile. [4] This type is often misdiagnosed.
Wild-type transthyretin amyloid (WTTA), also known as senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), [1] is a disease that typically affects the heart and tendons of elderly people. It is caused by the accumulation of a wild-type (that is to say a normal ) protein called transthyretin .
Cardiac amyloidosis can present with symptoms of heart failure including shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema. [12] As cardiac amyloidosis progresses, the amyloid deposition can affect the heart's ability to pump and fill blood as well as its ability to maintain normal rhythm, which leads to worsening heart function and decline in people's ...
A DPD scan is a type of nuclear medicine imaging test which uses radioactive technetium-99m (99m Tc) and 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis. The radiopharmaceutical is taken up only in patients with ATTR amyloidosis, making it a useful tool to differentiate from AL amyloidosis. [1]
Occasionally, biopsy of skin, nerve, or muscle may be performed, which can show signs of denervation and amyloid deposition with response to anti-TTR antibodies. [8] Additional testing should be performed to identify involvement of the heart or kidneys. [6]
Cardiac MRI and transvenous endomyocardial biopsy may also be necessary in some cases. [ 3 ] [ 9 ] Reduced QRS voltage on EKG may be an indicator of amyloidosis-induced restrictive cardiomyopathy. [ 9 ]
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