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Azygos lobe on chest X-ray. Arrowheads show the delineation of the lobe. Arrow points to the azygos vein. In human anatomy, an azygos lobe is a normal anatomical variation of the upper lobe of the right lung. [1] It is seen in 0.3% of the population. [2]
There are ten bronchopulmonary segments in the right lung: three in the superior lobe, two in the middle lobe, and five in the inferior lobe. Some of the segments may fuse in the left lung to form usually eight to nine segments (four to five in the upper lobe and four to five in the lower lobe.
The right lung has three lobes – upper, middle, and lower (or superior, middle, and inferior), and the left lung has two – upper and lower (or superior and inferior), plus a small tongue-shaped portion of the upper lobe known as the lingula. Each lobe is further divided up into segments called bronchopulmonary segments. Each lung has a ...
As an anatomical variation in 1–2% of the population, the arch can be displaced laterally, thereby creating a pleural septum separating an azygos lobe from the upper lobe of the right lung. The origin and anatomical course of the azygos vein are quite variable. Usually, there is a singular azygos vein on the right side of the body.
An accessory fissure was also found in 14% and 22% of left and right lungs, respectively. [47] An oblique fissure was found to be incomplete in 21% to 47% of left lungs. [48] In some cases a fissure is absent, or extra, resulting in a right lung with only two lobes, or a left lung with three lobes. [46]
Accessory pancreatic duct; Accessory nail of the fifth toe; Darwin's tubercle; Vein of foramen caecum; Osborne's ligament; Gastropancreatic ligament; Diagonal ear lobe crease; Preauricular sinus; Supernumerary nipple
Interlobar collateral ventilation can prevent this. Incomplete lung fissures that separate the lobes of the lung are fairly common and usually without consequence. These fissures are often bridged by parenchyma connecting the airspaces of one lobe with those of another and therefore providing a path for collateral ventilation.
This branch supplies the superior lobe of the right lung and is the most superior of all secondary bronchi. It arises above the level of the right pulmonary artery, and for this reason is named the eparterial bronchus. [1] All other distributions falling below the pulmonary artery are termed hyparterial.