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Since at least in the early 20th century, single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles have existed in science fiction. In the 1970s, the first reusable launch vehicle, the Space Shuttle, was developed. However, in the 1990s, due to the program's failure to meet expectations, reusable launch vehicle concepts were reduced to prototype testing.
Reusable Launch Vehicle–Technology Demonstration Programme is a series of technology demonstration missions that has been conceived by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) as a first step towards realising a Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO) reusable launch vehicle, in which the second stage is a spaceplane.
The 35-meter tall and 2.5-meter wide technology demonstrator launch vehicle with a 1.2-ton capacity to 400 km low earth orbit. It will feature the same engine type as a full-scale launch vehicle, but in a smaller count. The launch is intended to verify the telemetry data and flight software for its future commercial launches.
The Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) is a three-stage partially reusable Heavy-lift launch vehicle, currently under development by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This vehicle is designed to replace currently operational systems like PSLV, GSLV and LVM3. The project was previously referred to as Unified Launch Vehicle (ULV ...
As of 2023, SpaceX is developing the Starship system to be a fully-reusable two-stage launch vehicle, intended to replace all of its other launch vehicles and spacecraft for satellite delivery and human transport—Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy, and Dragon—and eventually support flights to the Moon and Mars. It could theoretically be used for point ...
A reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator is under development, which will be tested soon. VSSC also has programs focused on applications of space technology including village resource centres, telemedicine , tele-education , disaster management support and outreach through Direct To Home television broadcast.
The Lockheed Martin X-33 was a proposed uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane that was developed for a period in the 1990s. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle.
Terran R is a heavy-lift two-stage, partially reusable launch vehicle under development by Relativity Space. The vehicle is partially constructed with 3D printing technologies, like its predecessor, the small-lift Terran 1. [2] [3] The first flight is expected to be in 2026. [4]