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Phlebitis (or venitis) is inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs. It most commonly occurs in superficial veins. It most commonly occurs in superficial veins. Phlebitis often occurs in conjunction with thrombosis and is then called thrombophlebitis or superficial thrombophlebitis.
Thrombophlebitis is a phlebitis (inflammation of a vein) related to a thrombus (blood clot). [2] When it occurs repeatedly in different locations, it is known as thrombophlebitis migrans (migratory thrombophlebitis). [3]
Ultrasound is indicated if superficial phlebitis involves or extends into the proximal one-third of the medial thigh, there is evidence for clinical extension of phlebitis, lower extremity swelling is greater than would be expected from a superficial phlebitis alone or diagnosis of superficial thrombophlebitis in question. [11]
Chronic venous ulcers are painful and debilitating. Even with treatment, recurrences are common if venous hypertension persists. Nearly 60% develop phlebitis which often progresses to deep vein thrombosis in more than 50% of patients. The venous insufficiency can also lead to severe hemorrhage.
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) (literally: 'painful blue inflammation'), not to be confused with preceding phlegmasia alba dolens, is an uncommon severe form of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) that obstructs blood outflow from a vein.
Treatment options for PTS include proper leg elevation, compression therapy with elastic stockings, or electrostimulation devices, pharmacotherapy (pentoxifylline), herbal remedies (such as horse chestnut, rutosides), and wound care for leg ulcers. [1] [21] The benefits of compression bandages is unclear. They may be useful to treat edemas. [7]
It is alleged that health tourists in the UK often target the NHS for its free-at-the-point-of-care treatment, allegedly costing the NHS up to £200 million. [1] A study in 2013 showed that the UK was a net importer of medical tourists in ten of the eleven years between 2000 and 2010. [2]
The mainstay of the treatment of deep vein thrombosis is with anticoagulation, but in very large DVTs various other modalities may be used to reduce the risk of complications. This may be surgical thrombectomy or catheter-directed thrombolysis .