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Tlaxcala (Classical Nahuatl: Tlaxcallān [t͡ɬaʃˈkalːaːn̥] ⓘ, 'place of maize tortillas') was a pre-Columbian city and state in central Mexico.. During the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Tlaxcaltecs allied with the Spanish Empire against their hated enemies, the Aztecs, supplying a large contingent for and sometimes most of the Spanish-led army that eventually destroyed the ...
Lienzo de Tlaxcala image depicting Tlaxcaltec soldiers leading a Spanish soldier to Chalco.. Due to their century-long rivalry with the Aztecs, the Tlaxcaltecs allied with Hernán Cortés and his fellow Spanish conquistadors and were instrumental in the invasion of Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire, helping the Spanish reach the Valley of Anahuac and providing a key contingent of the ...
The "Tlaxcala Codex" a largely pictorial section, with both Spanish and Nahuatl captions. Another key source for Tlaxcalan history is the Lienzo de Tlaxcala, a colonial-era pictorial codex, produced in the second half of the sixteenth century. It was created at the request of the cabildo of the city of Tlaxcala.
Tlaxcala was promised certain rights as an ally during the Conquest. When a number of these were not met, a codex was produced here called the Lienzo de Tlaxcala as a complaint to the Spanish Crown. However, despite the complaints, most of the indigenous eventually lost their lands around the city and lost many of their commerce rights in it. [1]
Tlaxcala is the smallest and one of the most densely populated of the states of Mexico. [13] [14] The state comprises only 0.2% of the nation's territory, but had a population of 1,068,207 in 2005. [13] [35] Population density ranges from 50 people/km 2 in the rural municipality of Atlangatepec to 269 people/km 2 in the city of Tlaxcala.
In converting people to Catholicism, the Spanish pushed for a switch from teonanácatl to the Catholic sacrament of the Eucharist. Despite this history, in some remote areas, the use of teonanácatl has persisted. [105] In the 16th century, perhaps 240,000 Spaniards entered American ports. They were joined by 450,000 in the next century. [106]
A flower war or flowery war (Nahuatl languages: xōchiyāōyōtl, Spanish: guerra florida) was a ritual war fought intermittently between the Aztec Triple Alliance and its enemies on and off for many years in the vicinity and the regions around the ancient and vital city of Tenochtitlan, probably ending with the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519. [1]
Towns were to have access to water, uplands for gathering firewood, and agricultural land, as well as common lands for pasturage. [81] Despite these mandated legal protections for Indian towns, courts continued to find in favor of Spaniards and the rules about minimum holdings for Indian towns were ignored in practice.