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The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is a long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem. [1] It is anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum . It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic (involuntary) functions, ranging from vomiting to sneezing . [ 2 ]
A disrupted blood supply to posterior inferior cerebellar artery due to a thrombus or embolus can result in a stroke and lead to lateral medullary syndrome. Severe occlusion of this artery or to vertebral arteries could lead to Horner's Syndrome as well.
The medulla oblongata, often just referred to as the medulla, is the lower half of the brainstem continuous with the spinal cord. Its upper part is continuous with the pons. [11]: 1121 The medulla contains the cardiac, dorsal and ventral respiratory groups, and vasomotor centres, dealing with heart rate, breathing and blood pressure.
Medial medullary syndrome; Other names: Inferior alternating syndrome: Medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive.(Medial medullary syndrome can affect structures in lower left: especially #5, #6, #8.)
The area postrema, a paired structure in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem, [1] is a circumventricular organ having permeable capillaries and sensory neurons that enable its dual role to detect circulating chemical messengers in the blood and transduce them into neural signals and networks.
The vasomotor center (VMC) is a portion of the medulla oblongata.Together with the cardiovascular center and respiratory center, it regulates blood pressure. [1] It also has a more minor role in other homeostatic processes.
The aortic bodies give feedback to the medulla oblongata, specifically to the dorsal respiratory group, via the afferent branches of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X). [1] [3] The medulla oblongata, in turn, regulates breathing and blood pressure.
The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is one of three pairs of arteries that supplies blood to the cerebellum. It arises from the basilar artery on each side at the level of the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons in the brainstem .