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Nyctalopia (/ ˌ n ɪ k t ə ˈ l oʊ p i ə /; from Ancient Greek νύκτ-(núkt-) 'night' ἀλαός (alaós) 'blind, invisible' and ὄψ (óps) 'eye'), [1] also called night-blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases.
Effect of night blindness. Left: good night vision. Right: nightblind. Insufficiency of adaptation most commonly presents as insufficient adaptation to dark environment, called night blindness or nyctalopia. [35] The opposite problem, known as hemeralopia, that is, inability to see clearly in bright light, is much rarer.
Monocular vision is vision using only one eye. It is seen in two distinct categories: either a species moves its eyes independently, or a species typically uses two eyes for vision, but is unable to use one due to circumstances such as injury. [1] Monocular vision can occur in both humans and animals (such as hammerhead sharks).
“One of the more common eye conditions that can cause night blindness is called retinitis pigmentosa, or RP, and this affects the eye in a way that makes patients literally blind at night.”
The condition is not congenital and develops over the course of a few months as the lacrimal glands fail to produce tears. Other conditions involved in the progression already stated include the appearance of Bitot's spots, which are clumps of keratin debris that build up inside the conjunctiva and night blindness, which precedes corneal ulceration and total blindness.
Night blindness caused by VAD has been associated with the loss of goblet cells in the conjunctiva, a membrane covering the outer surface of the eye. Goblet cells are responsible for secretion of mucus , and their absence results in xerophthalmia, a condition where the eyes fail to produce tears.
In one study, only 23.8 percent of patients with transient monocular vision loss experienced the classic "curtain" or "shade" descending over their vision. [4] Other descriptions of this experience include a monocular blindness, dimming, fogging, or blurring. [ 5 ]
Eye injuries, most often occurring in people under 30, are the leading cause of monocular blindness (vision loss in one eye) throughout the United States. Injuries and cataracts affect the eye itself, while abnormalities such as optic nerve hypoplasia affect the nerve bundle that sends signals from the eye to the back of the brain, which can ...
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