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Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Lindelöf's lemma is a simple but useful lemma in topology on the real line, ... M.A. Armstrong (1983), Basic Topology, ...
M. A. Armstrong, Basic Topology, Springer-Verlag, 1983 Sasho Kalajdzievski, An Illustrated Introduction to Topology and Homotopy , CRC Press, 2010, Chapter 10: Isotopy and Homotopy This topology-related article is a stub .
A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot.The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 4 1.. Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling ...
The term topology was introduced by Johann Benedict Listing in the 19th century, although it was not until the first decades of the 20th century that the idea of a topological space was developed. This is a list of topology topics. See also: Topology glossary; List of topologies; List of general topology topics; List of geometric topology topics
In mathematics, general topology (or point set topology) is the branch of topology that deals with the basic set-theoretic definitions and constructions used in topology. It is the foundation of most other branches of topology, including differential topology , geometric topology , and algebraic topology .
Cauchy space – Concept in general topology and analysis; Convergence space – Generalization of the notion of convergence that is found in general topology; Filters in topology – Use of filters to describe and characterize all basic topological notions and results. Sequential space – Topological space characterized by sequences
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In mathematics, a topological space is, roughly speaking, a geometrical space in which closeness is defined but cannot necessarily be measured by a numeric distance.More specifically, a topological space is a set whose elements are called points, along with an additional structure called a topology, which can be defined as a set of neighbourhoods for each point that satisfy some axioms ...