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The metabolism of caffeine is reduced in pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, and the half-life of caffeine during pregnancy can be increased up to 15 hours (as compared to 2.5 to 4.5 hours in non-pregnant adults). [79] Evidence regarding the effects of caffeine on pregnancy and for breastfeeding are inconclusive. [26]
Pregnant women are often confused about caffeine consumption. A new meta-analysis published in the journal BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine finds a correlation between caffeine consumption and adverse ...
Caffeine dependence can cause a host of physiological effects if caffeine consumption is not maintained. Commonly known caffeine withdrawal symptoms include headaches, fatigue, loss of focus, lack of motivation, mood swings, nausea, insomnia, dizziness, cardiac issues, hypertension, anxiety, and backache and joint pain; these can range in severity from mild to severe. [18]
Caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of pregnancy loss [5] [42] and increased risk of low birth weight, defined as below 2500 grams (5.5 pounds). [ 43 ] [ 44 ] [ 45 ] The European Food Safety Authority and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists concur that habitual caffeine consumption up to ...
“Aside from general differences in metabolism between people,” says Haar, “obesity, smoking, use of oral contraceptives, altitude, and pregnancy can affect how long it takes for caffeine to ...
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The health effects of coffee include various possible health benefits and health risks. [1]A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily.
Consumption of caffeine is not associated with adverse reproductive and developmental effects. [79] The half-life of caffeine is longer in pregnancy by 8 to 16 more hours, which means that caffeine stays in the person longer, increases fetal exposure to caffeine, and is eliminated slower in the body. [78]
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