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Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage). [1]
Risperidone extended-release (Risperisphere) – dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptor antagonist, serotonin 5-HT 1B, 5-HT 2A, 5-HT 2C, and 5-HT 7 receptor antagonist or inverse agonist, α 1 - and α 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, histamine H 1 receptor inverse agonist, and atypical antipsychotic [91]
Extended-release (or slow-release) formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine, availing for, e.g., one administration per day. Conversion between extended-release and immediate-release (or "regular") morphine is easier than conversion to or from an equianalgesic dose of another opioid with ...
Oxymorphone (sold under the brand names Numorphan and Opana among others) is a highly potent opioid analgesic indicated for treatment of severe pain. Pain relief after injection begins after about 5–10 minutes, after oral administration it begins after about 30 minutes, and lasts about 3–4 hours for immediate-release tablets and 12 hours for extended-release tablets. [6]
Release (Liberation) is the first step in the process by which medication enters the body and liberates the active ingredient that has been administered. The pharmaceutical drug must separate from the vehicle or the excipient that it was mixed with during manufacture. Some authors split the process of liberation into three steps: disintegration ...
The conventional drug delivery system is the absorption of the drug across a biological membrane, whereas the targeted release system releases the drug in a dosage form. The advantages to the targeted release system is the reduction in the frequency of the dosages taken by the patient, having a more uniform effect of the drug, reduction of drug ...
Oxycodone/naloxone, sold under the brand name Targin among others, is a combination pain medication available as modified-release tablets administered by mouth. [5]The oxycodone component is an opioid and is responsible for the pain-relieving effects.
Molindone [extended-release] (AFX-2201, EN-1733A, molindone XR, SPN-810, SPN-810M, Zalvari) – antipsychotic / dopamine D 2 receptor antagonist and serotonin receptor modulator (e.g., serotonin 5-HT 2B and 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist) — specifically under development for impulsive aggression in ADHD [6] [7] [8]