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Movement paradox: In transformational linguistics, there are pairs of sentences in which the sentence without movement is ungrammatical while the sentence with movement is not. Sayre's paradox : In automated handwriting recognition, a cursively written word cannot be recognized without being segmented and cannot be segmented without being ...
"This sentence is false" is an example of the well-known liar paradox: it is a sentence that cannot be consistently interpreted as either true or false, because if it is known to be false, then it can be inferred that it must be true, and if it is known to be true, then it can be inferred that it must be false.
The example in the previous section used unformalized, natural-language reasoning. Curry's paradox also occurs in some varieties of formal logic.In this context, it shows that if we assume there is a formal sentence (X → Y), where X itself is equivalent to (X → Y), then we can prove Y with a formal proof.
The multi-sentence version of the liar paradox generalizes to any circular sequence of such statements (wherein the last statement asserts the truth/falsity of the first statement), provided there are an odd number of statements asserting the falsity of their successor; the following is a three-sentence version, with each statement asserting ...
There is currently not any generally accepted explanation of Moore's paradox in the philosophical literature. However, while Moore's paradox remains a philosophical curiosity, Moorean-type sentences are used by logicians , computer scientists , and those working with artificial intelligence as examples of cases in which a knowledge, belief, or ...
Quine's paradox is a paradox concerning truth values, stated by Willard Van Orman Quine. [1] It is related to the liar paradox as a problem, and it purports to show that a sentence can be paradoxical even if it is not self-referring and does not use demonstratives or indexicals (i.e. it does not explicitly refer to itself).
Simpson's paradox says that even if a vector (in orange in figure) has a smaller slope than another vector (in blue), and has a smaller slope than , the sum of the two vectors + can potentially still have a larger slope than the sum of the two vectors +, as shown in the example.
In literature, the paradox is an anomalous juxtaposition of incongruous ideas for the sake of striking exposition or unexpected insight. It functions as a method of literary composition and analysis that involves examining apparently contradictory statements and drawing conclusions either to reconcile them or to explain their presence.