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Conservation biology is reforming around strategic plans to protect biodiversity. [ 203 ] [ 208 ] [ 209 ] [ 210 ] Preserving global biodiversity is a priority in strategic conservation plans that are designed to engage public policy and concerns affecting local, regional and global scales of communities, ecosystems and cultures. [ 211 ]
Another study, published in 2011 by PLoS Biology, estimated there to be 8.7 million ± 1.3 million eukaryotic species on Earth. [11] Some 250,000 valid fossil species have been described, but this is believed to be a small proportion of all species that have ever lived. [12] Global biodiversity is affected by extinction and speciation.
In the past 50 years, the world's human population has doubled, [20] [12] per capita gross domestic product has quadrupled, [21] and biodiversity has suffered a catastrophic decline. [22] Most notably, tropical forests have been cleared for cattle pastures in South America and for oil-palm plantations in Southeast Asia. [23]
Ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties which are living organisms (biodiversity) and abiotic properties such as nonliving things like water or soil (geodiversity). It is a variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet.
A diversity index is a method of measuring how many different types (e.g. species) there are in a dataset (e.g. a community).Some more sophisticated indices also account for the phylogenetic relatedness among the types. [1]
A 2019 UN report assessing global biodiversity extrapolated IUCN data to all species and estimated that 1 million species worldwide could face extinction. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] Conservation of a select species are often prioritized on several factors which include significant economic and ecological value, as well as desirability or attractiveness. [ 40 ]
abundance class 1 1-2 2-4 4-8 8-16 species 5 0 1.5 1.5 1 The three species of abundance four thus appear, 1.5 in abundance class 2–4, and 1.5 in 4–8. The above method of analysis cannot account for species that are unsampled: that is, species sufficiently rare to have been recorded zero times.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty.The Convention has three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity); the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.