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Despite the bulk of the muscle body being visible from the anterior aspect of the forearm, the brachioradialis is a posterior compartment muscle and consequently is innervated by the radial nerve. [5] Of the muscles that receive innervation from the radial nerve, it is one of only four that receive input directly from the radial nerve.
These three muscles act as flexors at the elbow joint. [5] The extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus are both weak flexors at the elbow joint. Brevis moves the arm from ulnar abduction to its mid-position and flexes dorsally. Longus is a weak pronator in the flexed arm and a supinator in the outstretched arm.
The deep layer of the precursor extensor mass is known to be phylogenetically unstable and is undergoing evolution as high variability is seen in non-human primates. [5] [8] [9] [10] In humans, anomalous or additional muscles can be seen in small portion of population. Anomalous muscles in human extensor compartment are listed as follow:
deep artery of arm: radial nerve: extends forearm, adducts shoulder (long head). medial head does not function at shoulder. biceps brachii, brachialis: 2 1 articularis cubiti: Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left deep distal surface of medial head of triceps: posterior capsule of elbow joint: deep artery of arm: radial nerve
It can occur both from chronic repetitive motions of the hand and forearm, and from trauma to the same areas. These repetitions can injure the tendons that connect the extensor supinator muscles (which rotate and extend the forearm) to the olecranon process (also known as "the elbow"). Pain occurs, often radiating from the lateral forearm.
The pain worsens when a person moves their wrist with force. This pain intensifies because the extensor carpi ulnaris has an injury near the elbow area and as a person moves their arm, the muscle contracts, thus causing it to move over the medial epicondyle of the humerus. As a result, this causes irritation to the already existing injury.
The triceps is an extensor muscle of the elbow joint and an antagonist of the biceps and brachialis muscles. It can also fixate the elbow joint when the forearm and hand are used for fine movements, e.g., when writing. It has been suggested that the long head fascicle is employed when sustained force generation is demanded, or when there is a ...
The biceps or biceps brachii (Latin: musculus biceps brachii, "two-headed muscle of the arm") is a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Both heads of the muscle arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm.