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Endocrine treatment may be beneficial for patients with hormone receptor positive breast tumors. [5] There are two ways for treating these kind of tumors: Lowering systemic levels of estrogen, achieved by the use of drugs from the aromatase inhibitor category. [6] [7] These drugs target one of the enzymes that takes part in the biosynthesis of ...
HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family. But contrary to other members of the ERBB family, HER2 does not directly bind ligand. HER2 activation results from heterodimerization with another ERBB member or by homodimerization when HER2 concentration are high, for instance in cancer. [8]
Abemaciclib was approved for the adjuvant treatment of HR+, HER2-, node-positive adjuvant breast cancer at high risk of recurrence in March 2023. [15] [16] As of 2023, abemaciclib was involved in two Phase III clinical trials: The SARC041 study compares abemaciclib versus placebo in patients with advanced dedifferentiated liposarcoma. [17]
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is any breast cancer that either lacks or shows low levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and/or gene amplification (i.e. the tumor is negative on all three tests giving the name triple-negative). [1]
Notably, Trodelvy is the standard of care for second‐line metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer, with ongoing adoption in the pre‐treated HR+/HER2‐ metastatic breast cancer setting.
Trastuzumab deruxtecan is indicated for the treatment of adults with unresectable (unable to be removed with surgery) or metastatic (when cancer cells spread to other parts of the body) HER2-positive breast cancer who have received two or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting and for adults with locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal ...
Another remaining question surrounding CDK inhibitors as a therapy is if certain cancers will evade or be resistant to treatment. One study showed that 20% of the patients being treated for metastatic ER+ HER2-breast cancer did not respond at all to treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor due to preexisting mutations allowing the cancer cells to continue proliferating despite treatment with the drug ...