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Gestational diabetes is a condition in which a woman without diabetes develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. [2] Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; [2] however, obesity increases the rate of pre-eclampsia, cesarean sections, and embryo macrosomia, as well as gestational diabetes. [2]
Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
Gestational diabetes is diabetes that happens during pregnancy. According to the ADA , about 10 percent of pregnancies in the United States are impacted by gestational diabetes.
Common complications of pregnancy include anemia, gestational diabetes, infections, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. [4] [5] Presence of these types of complications can have implications on monitoring lab work, imaging, and medical management during pregnancy. [4]
648.6 Other cardiovascular diseases complicating pregnancy childbirth or the puerperium; 648.7 Bone and joint disorders of back pelvis and lower limbs of mother complicating pregnancy childbirth or the puerperium; 648.8 Abnormal glucose tolerance of mother complicating pregnancy childbirth or the puerperium 648.83 Gestational diabetes, antepartum
Gestational diabetes is fully treatable, but requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy. Management may include dietary changes, blood glucose monitoring, and in some cases, insulin may be required. [69] Though it may be transient, untreated gestational diabetes can damage the health of the fetus or mother.
Obesity is an extremely strong risk factor for gestational diabetes. [34] Research has found that obese mothers who lose weight (at least 10 pounds or 4.5 kg) between pregnancies reduce the risk of gestational diabetes during their next pregnancy, whereas mothers who gain weight actually increase their risk. [35]
Obesity prior to pregnancy and maternal weight gain above recommended guidelines during pregnancy are another key risk factor for macrosomia or LGA infants. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] It has been demonstrated that while maternal obesity and gestational diabetes are independent risk factors for LGA and macrosomia, they can act synergistically, with ...
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