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Phlebitis (or venitis) is inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs. It most commonly occurs in superficial veins. It most commonly occurs in superficial veins. Phlebitis often occurs in conjunction with thrombosis and is then called thrombophlebitis or superficial thrombophlebitis.
Infection, phlebitis, extravasation, infiltration, air embolism, hemorrhage (bleeding) and formation of a hematoma (bruise) may occur. A catheter embolism may occur when a small part of the cannula breaks off and flows into the vascular system. When removing a peripheral IV cannula, the tip should be inspected to ensure it's intact.
Thrombophlebitis is a phlebitis (inflammation of a vein) related to a thrombus (blood clot). [2] When it occurs repeatedly in different locations, it is known as thrombophlebitis migrans ( migratory thrombophlebitis ).
Although, while anticoagulation is the preferred treatment for DVT, [125] thrombolysis is a treatment option for those with the severe DVT form of phlegmasia cerula dorens (bottom left image) and in some younger patients with DVT affecting the iliac and common femoral veins. [12] Of note, a variety of contraindications to thrombolysis exist. [125]
Even with treatment, recurrences are common if venous hypertension persists. Nearly 60% develop phlebitis which often progresses to deep vein thrombosis in more than 50% of patients. The venous insufficiency can also lead to severe hemorrhage. Surgery for CVI remains unsatisfactory despite the availability of numerous procedures. [6]
Treatment options for PTS include proper leg elevation, compression therapy with elastic stockings, or electrostimulation devices, pharmacotherapy (pentoxifylline), herbal remedies (such as horse chestnut, rutosides), and wound care for leg ulcers. [1] [21] The benefits of compression bandages is unclear. They may be useful to treat edemas. [7]
The evidence did not identify any difference between the effects of different blood thinners on death, developing a clot, or bleeding. [2] A 2021 review found that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was superior to unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism for people with cancer.
A recent trend in the United States is the stand-alone day angiography facility associated with a private vascular surgery clinic, thus allowing treatment of most arterial endovascular cases conveniently and possibly with lesser overall community cost.