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  2. Epidural steroid injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidural_steroid_injection

    Epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a technique in which corticosteroids and a local anesthetic are injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord in an effort to improve spinal stenosis, spinal disc herniation, or both. It is of benefit with a rare rate of major side effects.

  3. Stellate ganglion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellate_ganglion

    The stellate ganglia may be cut in order to decrease the symptoms exhibited by Raynaud's phenomenon and hyperhydrosis (extreme sweating) of the hands. Injection of local anesthetics near the stellate ganglion can sometimes mitigate the symptoms of sympathetically mediated pain such as complex regional pain syndrome type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy), and symptoms associated with alterations ...

  4. Spinal stenosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_stenosis

    Interlaminar implant: This is a non-fusion U-shaped device that is placed between two bones in the lower back that maintains motion in the spine and keeps the spine stable after a lumbar decompressive surgery. The U-shaped device maintains height between the bones in the spine so nerves can exit freely and extend to lower extremities.

  5. Cervico-thoracic ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervico-thoracic_ratio

    The cervico-thoracic ratio (CTR) is a method developed by Norlander et al. [1] for measuring segmental mobility in the spine between the C7 vertebra and the T5 vertebra in flexion. [2] The method has been developed to fulfil clinical demands of quick examinations.

  6. Dermatome (anatomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatome_(anatomy)

    C7 – On the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the middle finger. C8 – On the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the little finger. T1 – On the medial (ulnar) side of the antecubital fossa, just distal to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. T2 – At the apex of the axilla.

  7. Brachial plexus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial_plexus

    The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1).This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.

  8. Lumbar spinal stenosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_stenosis

    Epidural blocks may also transiently decrease pain, but no evidence of long-term effect has been found. [28] Adding corticosteroids to these injections does not improve the result; [ 28 ] [ 29 ] the use of epidural steroid injections is controversial and evidence of their efficacy is contradictory.

  9. Disc herniation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_herniation

    Herniated disc at C6–C7 level. Cervical disc herniations occur in the neck, most often between the fifth and sixth (C5–6) and the sixth and seventh (C6–7) cervical vertebral bodies. There is an increased susceptibility amongst older (60+) patients to herniations higher in the neck, especially at C3–4. [23]