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Hormonal oral contraceptives (HOCs) interact with hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle in females to prevent ovulation, and hence achieve contraception. [24] In a 28-day menstrual cycle, there are the proliferative phase, ovulation, and then the secretory phase. [28] Menstruation marks the beginning of proliferative phase in day 1-14. [28]
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can be used to treat menstrual cycle disorders including heavy menstrual bleeding, [9] and pelvic pain disorders such as endometriosis [10] and dysmenorrhea. [11] CHCs are also a first line treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome for menstrual abnormalities, acne, and hirsutism. [12]
Poor sleep quality, connected with poor mood and menstrual pain, especially during the premenstrual week, are most likely to be reported. [1] Psychological factors influencing sleep quality in women, related to hormonal fluctuations, such as mood disorders and sleep disorders, are often higher in women after the onset menarche. [2]
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive. The original hormonal method—the combined oral contraceptive pill—was first marketed as a contraceptive in ...
As well as their contraceptive effects, contraceptive drugs can also have adverse sexual and reproductive side-effects. Prior to the availability of effective contraceptives, some substances were also used as abortifacients to terminate pregnancy; medical abortion exists as a modern medical practice.
When the first birth control pill was being developed, the researchers were aware that they could use the contraceptive to space menstrual periods up to 90 days apart, but they settled on a 28-day cycle that would mimic a natural menstrual cycle and produce monthly periods. The intention behind this decision was the hope of the inventor, John ...
Pill Failure can happen with contraceptive pills and inadvertent pregnancies happen. [20] Use of oral contraceptive can impair muscle gains in young women. [21] The metabolic impact of oral contraceptives are significant and contraceptive pills can increase the risk of heart attacks.
Oral contraceptives, abbreviated OCPs, also known as birth control pills, are medications taken by mouth for the purpose of birth control. The introduction of the birth control pill ("the Pill") in 1960 revolutionized the options for contraception, sparking vibrant discussion in the scientific and social science literature and in the media.
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