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Europa Clipper (previously known as Europa Multiple Flyby Mission) is a space probe developed by NASA to study Europa, a Galilean moon of Jupiter. It was launched on October 14, 2024. [15] The spacecraft will use gravity assists from Mars on March 1, 2025, [10] and Earth on December 3, 2026, [11] before arriving at Europa in April 2030. [16]
Galileo's discovery had practical applications. Safe navigation required accurately determining a ship's position at sea. While latitude could be measured well enough by local astronomical observations, determining longitude required knowledge of the time of each observation synchronized to the time at a reference longitude.
The Galileo orbiter commenced an extended mission known as the Galileo Europa Mission (GEM), which ran until December 31, 1999. This was a low-cost mission, with a budget of $30 million (equivalent to $53 million in 2023). [ 168 ]
An artist's impression of NASA's Europa Clipper probe making a close flyby of Jupiter's moon Europa, one of four discovered in 1610 by Galileo. Based on precise analysis of Europa's movements ...
The focus of this extended mission was to follow up on the discoveries made at Europa with seven additional flybys to search for new evidence of a possible sub-surface water ocean. [21] Starting in May 1999, Galileo used four flybys (20 to 23) with Callisto to lower its periapse, setting up a chance for it to fly by Io twice in late 1999. [2]
Europa, along with Jupiter's three other large moons, Io, Ganymede, and Callisto, was discovered by Galileo Galilei on 8 January 1610, [2] and possibly independently by Simon Marius. On 7 January, Galileo had observed Io and Europa together using a 20×-magnification refracting telescope at the University of Padua , but the low resolution could ...
Galileo was successfully deployed at 00:15 UTC on October 19. [16] Following the IUS burn, the Galileo spacecraft adopted its configuration for solo flight, and separated from the IUS at 01:06:53 UTC on October 19. [22] The launch was perfect, and Galileo was soon headed towards Venus at over 14,000 km/h (9,000 mph). [23]
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