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The term stratification can be traced back to at least 1664 in John Evelyn's Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber, [2] where seeds were layered (stratified) between layers of moist soil and the strata were exposed to winter conditions. Thus, stratification became the process by which seeds were artificially ...
During World War II, the US Army developed a special airdrop supply carrier that could carry up to 65 pounds (29 kg) of supplies and was based on the maple seed. [9] Seed maturation is usually in a few weeks to six months after flowering, with seed dispersal shortly after maturity. However, one tree can release hundreds of thousands of seeds at ...
The vertical stratification of a community is determined largely by the life forms of plants their size , branching and leaves which is influenced by the vertical gradient of light. Vertical classification of vegetation in a forest showing the tree, shrub and herb layers and the forest floor.
Acer saccharinum, commonly known as silver maple, [3] creek maple, silverleaf maple, [3] soft maple, large maple, [3] water maple, [3] swamp maple, [3] or white maple, [3] is a species of maple native to the eastern and central United States and southeastern Canada. [3] [4] It is one of the most common trees in the United States.
Hocking suggested that seed maturity, handling, and storage needed to be controlled before the need for stratification could be determined. Later, Winston and Haddon (1981) [57] found that the storage of white spruce cones for 4 weeks at 5 °C prior to extraction obviated the need for stratification.
The fruit is a pair of samaras (winged seeds). The seeds are globose, 7–10 mm (9 ⁄ 32 – 13 ⁄ 32 in) in diameter, the wing 2–3 cm (3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long. The seeds fall from the tree in autumn, where they must be exposed to 45 days of temperatures below 4 °C (39 °F) to break their coating down.
On mature trees, sugar maple bark is more shaggy, while Norway maple bark has small, often criss-crossing grooves. [ citation needed ] While the shape and angle of leaf lobes vary somewhat within all maple species, the leaf lobes of Norway maple tend to have a more triangular (acuminate) shape, in contrast to the more finely toothed lobes of ...
Most seeds need enough water to moisten the seeds but not enough to soak them. The uptake of water by seeds is called imbibition, which leads to the swelling and the breaking of the seed coat. When seeds are formed, most plants store a food reserve with the seed, such as starch, proteins, or oils. This food reserve provides nourishment to the ...
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