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The virus, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in a patient from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on 6 June 2012. Sporadic cases, small clusters, and large outbreaks have been reported in 24 countries, with over 2,600 cases of the virus and over 900 deaths, as of 2021.
The virus MERS-CoV is a member of the beta group of coronavirus, Betacoronavirus, lineage C. MERS-CoV genomes are phylogenetically classified into two clades, clade A and B. The earliest cases were of clade A clusters, while the majority of more recent cases are of the genetically distinct clade B. [ 10 ]
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS‑CoV) 2012 Discovered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [36] Caused outbreaks in 2012, 2015, and 2018. Pigs Enteritis: Porcine coronavirus HKU15 (PorCov‑HKU15) 2014 Discovered in Hong Kong, China. [37] Humans Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19)
MERS-CoV is a virus in the coronavirus family believed to be originally from bats. [1] However, humans are typically infected from camels, either during direct contact or indirectly through respiratory droplets. [1] Spread between humans typically requires close contact with an infected person. [1] Its spread is uncommon outside of hospitals. [6]
The virus can spread to different organs throughout the chicken. [131] The virus is transmitted by aerosol and food contaminated by feces. Different vaccines against IBV exist and have helped to limit the spread of the virus and its variants. [127] Infectious bronchitis virus is one of a number of strains of the species Avian coronavirus. [133]
An outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus occurred in South Korea from May 2015 to July 2015. [5] The virus, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), was a newly emerged betacoronavirus that was first identified in a patient from Saudi Arabia in April 2012.
MERS coronavirus EMC/2012 is the sixth coronavirus known to infect humans and the first human virus within betacoronavirus lineage C. It is a new genotype which is related to bat coronaviruses , specifically an Egyptian tomb bat, and is not the same beta-CoV as the SARS-CoV , but is distantly related.
The betacoronaviruses of the greatest clinical importance concerning humans are OC43 and HKU1 (which can cause the common cold) of lineage A, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 (the causes of SARS and COVID-19 respectively) of lineage B, [2] and MERS-CoV (the cause of MERS) of lineage C. MERS-CoV is the first betacoronavirus belonging to lineage C that ...