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The law was originally enacted, with slightly different phrasing, in Section 6 of the Enforcement Act of 1870. [3]: 913 The statutory text was revised in 1909 and in 1948, when it became Section 241 of Title 18 of the U.S. Code. [4]: 236 Conspiracy against rights was initially invoked against vigilante groups like the Ku Klux Klan that acted to prevent recently-emancipated Black Southerners ...
The General Assembly also required the sections of the new code to be numbered in one sequence, following the system adopted in 1873 by the Revised Statutes of the United States, which simplified citation to Virginia statutes. The revisors submitted the manuscript of their proposed code without having made any written progress reports, which ...
Conspiracy against the United States, or conspiracy to defraud the United States, [1] is a federal offense in the United States of America under 18 U.S.C. § 371.The statute originated under a federal law enacted in 1867 that was codified in the Revised Statutes of the United States in 1874, [2] in a subsequent codification of federal penal statutes in 1909, [3] and ultimately in the United ...
Nevada (Nevada Revised Statutes, §§ 200.510–200.560) New Hampshire (New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated, § 644:11) New Mexico (New Mexico Statutes Annotated, § 30-11-1) North Carolina (North Carolina General Statutes, § 14-47) North Dakota (North Dakota Century Code, § 12.1-15-01) Oklahoma (Oklahoma Statutes, tit. 21 §§ 771-781)
[3] However, some "stop and identify" statutes that are unclear about how people must identify themselves violate suspects' due process right through the void for vagueness doctrine. For instance, in Kolender v. Lawson (1983), the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated a California law requiring "credible and reliable" identification as overly vague. [4]
United States v. Williams, 553 U.S. 285 (2008), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that a federal statute prohibiting the "pandering" of child pornography [1] (offering or requesting to transfer, sell, deliver, or trade the items) did not violate the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, even if a person charged under the code did in fact not possess child ...
Ziherl invalidated § 18.2-344, the Virginia statute making fornication between unmarried persons a crime. [9] On January 31, 2013, the Senate of Virginia passed a bill repealing § 18.2-345, the lewd and lascivious cohabitation statute enacted in 1877. On February 20, 2013, the Virginia House of Delegates passed the bill by a vote of 62 to 25 ...
The Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1988, title VII, subtitle N of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100–690, 102 Stat. 4181, enacted November 18, 1988, H.R. 5210, is part of a United States Act of Congress which places record-keeping requirements on the producers of actual, sexually explicit materials.