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The Great Qing Legal Code was the first written Chinese work directly translated into English. [6] The translation, known as Fundamental Laws of China was completed by English traveller Sir George Staunton in 1810. It was the first time the Qing Code had been translated into a European language. The French translation was published in 1812.
Although fragments of laws survive from the Qin and Han, the first surviving complete code was the Kaihuang Code developed during the Sui dynasty and adopted by later dynasties including the Tang in 653. This code provided the model for all the later traditional penal codes through its definition of the Five Punishments and Ten Abominations.
The Qin dynasty (/ tʃ ɪ n / CHIN [4]) was the first imperial dynasty of China. It is named for its progenitor state of Qin , a fief of the confederal Zhou dynasty ( c. 1046 – 256 BC). Beginning in 230 BC, the Qin under King Ying Zheng engaged in a series of wars conquering each of the rival states that had previously pledged fealty to the Zhou.
In the late Qing dynasty there were efforts to reform the law codes mainly by importing German codes with slight modifications. This effort continued and was amplified in the republican period resulting in the Provisional Constitution of 1912 which included the idea of equality under the law, rights for women, and broader rights for citizens ...
Written in the Qin dynasty, the texts record Qin laws and public documents. Their contents have been published in the book 《睡虎地秦墓竹簡》 ( Shuìhǔdì Qínmù Zhújiǎn ). This cache of bamboo slips is of great importance for research into the government, economics, culture, law, military affairs, etc. of the late Warring States ...
The Jin dynasty (266–420) adopted the nine chapter law and added 11 more chapters, and formed its own 20 chapter legal code. [4] In the dynasties that followed supplement laws had been announced and obsolete code removed. The nine chapter law's longevity was shown in its presence in the legal system of the Sui dynasty (589–618 CE). [5]
Sima Qian argues the Qin dynasty, relying on rigorous laws, as nonetheless still insufficiently rigorous for a completely consistent practice, suggesting them as not having always delivered justice as others understood it. [160] Still, from a modern perspective, it is "impossible" to deny at least the "'basic' justice of Qin laws".
The Civil Code of the Republic of China is considered the first civil law [citation needed] of Chinese history is heavily based on the laws of the Qing dynasty and streamlined provisions from earlier draft laws. These laws were all abolished when the Chinese Communist Party established the People's Republic of China in 1949. [citation needed]