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  2. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    Rarely used in modern mathematics without a horizontal bar delimiting the width of its argument (see the next item). For example, √2. √ (radical symbol) 1. Denotes square root and is read as the square root of. For example, +. 2. With an integer greater than 2 as a left superscript, denotes an n th root.

  3. Compression (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_(physics)

    Compression of solids has many implications in materials science, physics and structural engineering, for compression yields noticeable amounts of stress and tension. By inducing compression, mechanical properties such as compressive strength or modulus of elasticity , can be measured.

  4. Stress (mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)

    The vector T may be regarded as the sum of two components: the normal stress (compression or tension) perpendicular to the surface, and the shear stress that is parallel to the surface. If the normal unit vector n of the surface (pointing from Q towards P) is assumed fixed, the normal component can be expressed by a single number, the dot ...

  5. Vertical and horizontal bundles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_and_horizontal...

    Vertical and horizontal subspaces for the Möbius strip. The Möbius strip is a line bundle over the circle, and the circle can be pictured as the middle ring of the strip. At each point e {\displaystyle e} on the strip, the projection map projects it towards the middle ring, and the fiber is perpendicular to the middle ring.

  6. Euler's critical load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_critical_load

    Fig. 1: Critical stress vs slenderness ratio for steel, for E = 200 GPa, yield strength = 240 MPa.. Euler's critical load or Euler's buckling load is the compressive load at which a slender column will suddenly bend or buckle.

  7. Compression (functional analysis) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_(functional...

    In functional analysis, the compression of a linear operator T on a Hilbert space to a subspace K is the operator |:, where : is the orthogonal projection onto K.This is a natural way to obtain an operator on K from an operator on the whole Hilbert space.

  8. Parabolic arch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolic_arch

    Unlike a catenary arch, the parabolic arch employs the principle that when weight is uniformly applied above, the internal compression (see line of thrust) resulting from that weight will follow a parabolic curve. Of all arch types, the parabolic arch produces the most thrust at the base. Also, it can span the widest area.

  9. Truss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truss

    Which chord carries tension and which carries compression depends on the overall direction of bending. In the truss pictured above right, the bottom chord is in tension, and the top chord in compression. The diagonal and vertical members form the truss web, and carry the shear stress. Individually, they are also in tension and compression, the ...