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CIP requires the seller to insure the goods for 110% of the contract value under Institute Cargo Clauses (A) of the Institute of London Underwriters (which is a change from Incoterms 2010 where the minimum was Institute Cargo Clauses (C)), or any similar set of clauses, unless specifically agreed by both parties.
A contract of carriage is a contract between a carrier of cargo or passengers and the consignor, consignee or passenger. [1] Contracts of carriage typically define the rights, duties and liabilities of parties to the contract, addressing topics such as acts of God and including clauses such as force majeure (removing liability for extraordinary occurrences beyond control of the parties). [2]
The Hague Rules of 1924 effectively codified, albeit in a diluted form, the English common law rules to protect the cargo owner against exploitation by the carrier. Nearly 50 years later, the Hague-Visby "update" made few changes, so that the newer Rules still applied only to "tackle to tackle" carriage (i.e. carriage by sea) and the container ...
There are some clauses under the sales form protecting the interest of the buyer of the ship. For example, clause 9 of Sale Form 1993 has provided some limited protection for the buyer. Under clause 9, the seller warrants that the vessel is free from all charters, encumbrances, mortgages maritime liens, or any other debts whatsoever at the time ...
Affreightment (from freight) is a legal term relating to shipping.. A contract of affreightment is a contract between a ship-owner and a charterer, in which the ship-owner agrees to carry goods for the charterer in the ship, or to give the charterer the use of the whole or part of the ship's cargo-carrying space for the carriage of goods on a specified voyage or voyages or for a specified time.
The ship's articles (shipping articles, more formally the ship's articles of agreement) is the set of documents that constitute the contract between the seafarer and the captain (master) of a vessel.
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In economics, a duty is a target-specific form of tax levied by a state or other political entity. It is often associated with customs , in which context they are also known as tariffs or dues . The term is often used to describe a tax on certain items purchased abroad.