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A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. [1] They have existed in many parts of the world throughout history, including cities such as Rome, Carthage, Athens and Sparta and the Italian city-states during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, such as Florence, Venice, Genoa and Milan.
Beginning in the early first millennium, independent city-states in Greece began to flourish, evolving the notion of citizenship, becoming in the process the archetype of the free city, the polis. [16] The agora, meaning "gathering place" or "assembly", was the center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the polis. [17]
Over the centuries the usage broadened into a spectrum of meaning cited by the larger Latin dictionaries: [5] it could mean in addition to the citizenship established by the constitution the legal city-state, or res publica, the populus of that res publica (not people as people but people as citizens), any city state either proper or state-like ...
The Italian city states were also highly numerate, given the importance of the new forms of bookkeeping that were essential to the trading and mercantile basis of society. Some of the most widely circulating books, such as the Liber Abaci by Leonardo Fibonacci of Pisa, included applications of mathematics and arithmetic to business practice [ 7 ...
The city dates from the Ubaid period c. 3800 BC, and is recorded in written history as a city-state from the 26th century BC, its first recorded king being King Tuttues. The city's patron deity was Nanna (in Akkadian , Sin ), the Sumerian and Akkadian moon god , and the name of the city is in origin derived from the god's name, UNUG KI ...
Fully autonomous cities, or city-states, are the objective of urban secession. A modern instance of a city-state is the Republic of Singapore, which was expelled from Malaysia for a variety of political and social reasons. [1] Currently, Singapore is the sole city which has total independence, an indigenous currency, and a substantial military.
Politeia is derived from both the root word polis meaning "city" or "state", [5] and from the verb politeuomai that means "I am living as an active citizen of the polis". People living in a Greek city/state were not necessarily citizens. A person that was ostracized from the active matrix of the city was an example of such.
Other city-states survive as federated states, like the present day German city-states, or as otherwise autonomous entities with limited sovereignty, like Hong Kong, Gibraltar and Ceuta. To some extent, urban secession , the creation of a new city-state (sovereign or federated), continues to be discussed in the early 21st century in cities such ...