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The Human Genome Project was a 13-year-long publicly funded project initiated in 1990 with the objective of determining the DNA sequence of the entire euchromatic human genome within 13 years. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The idea that sets of inherited genes predicted the concept of mapping a disease gene to a chromosomal region originated in the work of ...
A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. [75] [76] An example of a variation map is the HapMap being developed by the International HapMap Project. The HapMap is a haplotype map of the human genome, "which will describe the common patterns of human DNA sequence variation."
The goal consequently put pressure on the public genome program and spurred several groups to redouble their efforts to produce the full sequence. Venter's effort won him renown as he and his team at Celera Corporation shared credit for sequencing the first draft human genome with the publicly funded Human Genome Project. [28]
Critics of initial efforts by Celera Genomics to hold back data from sections of genome they sequenced for commercial exploitation felt that it would retard progress in science as a whole. These critics pointed to the open access policy for gene sequences from the publicly funded Human Genome Project. [3]
In October 2004, NHGRI introduced the first in a series of '$1,000 Genome' grants designed to advance "the development of breakthrough technologies that will enable a human-sized genome to be sequenced for $1,000 or less." [9] In a January 2006 article in Scientific American making the case for the Personal Genome Project, George M. Church wrote
In 2004, the Human Genome Project published an incomplete version of the human genome. [24] In 2008, a group from Leiden, the Netherlands, reported the sequencing of the first female human genome (Marjolein Kriek). Currently thousands of genomes have been wholly or partially sequenced.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic organism to have its complete genome sequence determined.. This list of "sequenced" eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been sequenced, assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle-only sequences.
UC Santa Cruz posted the first human genome sequence on the internet on July 7, 2000, to make it freely available to the public. [2] Kent then immediately began to assemble the UCSC Genome Browser to allow researchers to view the assembled DNA sequence in terms of genes and chromosomes. [3]